Civic Engagement

Civic Engagement and Political Awareness in the Youth of America Change is inevitable and the popular one hit wonder, Video Killed the Radio Star, echoes a nostalgic desire to appreciate the past. The simple, yet meaningful verse, â€Å"we can’t rewind we’ve gone too far,† drives home the notion that the past is in the past, and one can only move forward. The song directly relates to technological changes in music at that time period.The lyrics give the impression radio will be replaced by visually stimulating music videos; however, the future has proved that radio has not been replaced; music has merely been enhanced by the continuous change of technological advancements. Political scientist and professor, Robert Putnam illustrates in his book, Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital, how one of the primary culprits in the decline of political awareness and civic engagement is the new media, for example, the Internet. Further studies suggest thi s is not necessarily the case.Video Killed the Radio Star mirrors the relentless argument of whether the mass media has hindered or assisted in political awareness and civic activity in adolescents and young adults. The radio made people famous, and even after music videos became popular, music was still streamed through a radio and continues to be used to this day. Studies have shown that civic engagement and political awareness has declined, at all age levels, and yet there is evidence that the mass media can have a positive effect on cultivating social capital, especially in the interest of young voters in America.The issue at hand is not mass media, but how mass media can be used as a means to stay informed on community issues and how it can create a sense of community. In the article, America’s Youth and Community Engagement: How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds, the authors begin by providing troubling evidenc e, â€Å"Voter turnout in congressional and presidential elections has dropped since 1960†¦ Americans are less involved in political activities ranging from signing petitions to attending rallies† (Pasek, Kenski, Romer, and Jamieson 115).Putnam compares the decline in civic engagement to the massive decline of bowling leagues; however, as bowling memberships are declining, the number of people bowling has increased. He explains the concept of a bonding capital and a bridging capital within the social capital as a whole. The theory of bonding and bridging can also be described in terms of strong ties and weak ties of networking.Professors Homero Gil de Zuniga and Sebastian Valenzuela explored Putnam’s research further in their article, The Mediating Path to a Stronger Citizenship: Online and Offline Networks, Weak Ties and Civic Engagement, finding it inclusive that bridging, or associating with weak ties provide one with a greater networking base, and therefore mo re information and resources. Bridging and weak ties are when an individual socializes with people who are different from themselves. Bonding and strong ties are individuals who are linked to each other on varying levels of intimacy; for example, one’s inner circle of friends and family.Putnam additionally points out that bonding and bridging strengthen each other. Because of the decline of bonding, there is a decline in bridging, which he links to the drop of organizational forms of capital due to the mass media. Like Putnam, authors Zuniga and Valenzuela agree that â€Å"larger networks foster civic participation so long as they provide access to weak ties,† yet they take into consideration that the internet is vast with diversity and is not â€Å"geographically bounded,† and therefore â€Å"argue that the online context should be more strongly associated with weak-tie communication than the offline context† (405).According to Zuniga and Valenzuela, thi s connection shows that internet based networks and weak ties will be more effective than the relationship between personal, offline networking and weak ties. The authors mentioned earlier, Josh Pasek, Kate Kenski, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson conducted a telephone survey to assess â€Å"12 different uses of mass media as well as awareness of current national politics and time spent in civic activities† in respect to the youth and how mass media is related to political awareness and civic activity (115).If the conclusion made by Zuniga and Valenzuela is accurate, then the new media will have a positive effect on the younger population’s role in developing social capital. Historically, when print media flourished, it served as a way to stay in touch with the community of readers with no face-to-face interaction and â€Å"made possible the development of the modern nation state† (117). Internet is just another mechanism to build social networks, in whi ch interpersonal communication is absent, like the newspaper.However, unlike the newspaper, internet provides individuals with an extensive opportunity to network with people who are not in their inner circle, thus weak ties are created. Furthermore, Pasek, Kenski, Romer, and Jamieson examine how some forms of media are more effective than others, and explain how media that solely exists to entertain adolescents and young adults can aid in promoting group activities with individuals that can share their experiences and develop a sense of community.They are still experiencing social participation, even if the activity is not directly associated with civic activities. The authors evaluated the 12 different uses of mass media and assessed each media variable based on if it improved political awareness or civic engagement, or both. The researchers also included demographic predictors that would correspond with the study: age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status. It is apparent that a dults would have a higher amount of political knowledge. â€Å"The average education level in our sample was 10. years of schooling†¦ Of respondents, 78. 9 percent were currently students,† which would give them the edge since there are more opportunities to become involved in community service activities and clubs the schools have to offer. Some schools require community service to graduate. Socioeconomic status also plays a role in political awareness and civic engagement. This correlates directly to the fact that individuals who are wealthier have the resources and means to educate their children and are probably highly educated as well.Race and gender is yet another factor in evaluating political knowledge and civic engagement, whereas â€Å"whites appear more politically aware than Blacks, Hispanics, and other non-Whites†¦ however, race has not been as strongly related in one direction or the other [in regards to civic engagement, and]†¦ women, on average , belong to more associations and organizations than men but tend to exhibit less political knowledge† (123).The results of How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22- Year-Olds, revealed that if media usage increased in frequency, it had a negative impact on political awareness and civic engagement, which is to be expected. Although reading remained positive, the results showed individuals took longer to develop a well-rounded political knowledge base if their reading increased. This is the cause of a decrease in active engagement with others. The authors could not predict if newspapers increased civic activity, however, it was evident that it increased political awareness.Civic activity was strongly related to political awareness, and the findings also concluded that the Internet increased civic engagement, along with listening to news on the radio, following shows on television, and reading magazines. Not only were civic activiti es found to be directly related to political awareness, but the media had an overall positive effect on civic engagement and political knowledge. In his research, Putnam fails to assess new ways to approach civic engagement and political awareness, and instead looks to the old.Relating civic engagement to the decline of bowling leagues seems futile to the reader, especially to a young adult. As society changes, activities change; people change. The youth of today are more interested in modern technology, which is why more candidates should reevaluate how they approach the younger generation in regards to the elections and make use of the Internet during elections. Because young voters are growing up in a time when technology is usually readily available to them, they look mostly to the web for political information.Youth turnout for the 2004 elections showed â€Å"marked increases. † Most likely prompted by the war in Iraq, intense efforts were made to ensure younger generati ons were actively engaged throughout the campaigns. New media tools were also used, with websites put up that focused on attracting the younger population to politics; â€Å"an estimated 28 percent of 18- 29-year-olds received most of their information about the campaigns via the Internet in 2004, making them the age group most reliant on new media for political information about the election† (Xenos and Bennett 444).However, in the article The Disconnection in Online Politics, Michael Xenos and W. Lance Bennett stress the fact that although younger voters are participating online, they are less likely to visit a site that is sponsored by a specific party or electoral candidate. Unfortunately, politicians are very slow when adapting to the modern world of technology, and do not make use of the web to attract young voters. On sites like Rock the Vote, they give young voters access to interactive features, and yet links to websites with related political information and resourc es are not easily accessible.Young voters only attain a morsel of information from youth engagement websites. Between 2002 and 2004, Xenos and Bennett conducted an extensive analysis of political sites that focused on youth involvement, as well as electoral sites, and they found the â€Å"overall pattern is one of overlap† (456). The candidates’ websites were not designed to attract young voters. They merely addressed the same issues on their sites as seen on the youth sites; however, on the electoral sites they clearly were not reaching out to the younger population of voters.Professional consultants correlate politicians’ indifference to youth voters because senior citizens have a higher voting rate. Xenos and Bennett express their disappointment, â€Å"younger voters who ignore politicians largely do so because politicians largely ignore them† (457). It is ironic because voters are less involved in politics due to politicians’ lack of interest i n their appeals, and politicians show disregard for the youth because of their low voting turnout and vice versa.If politicians, our leaders, are putting the youth aside, who is going to devote the time to inform the younger generation of the importance on civic activities and political awareness? In correlation with the decline of adult involvement in social participation and volunteering, people simply do not have the time or energy to devote to their own needs, let alone join a civic organization. In today’s society, both parents work to make ends meet.There are usually a higher percentage of female volunteers to male volunteers, but now that women are taking on raising children, housework, and working an additional 15 hours per week than men, the idea of becoming involved in community activities is overwhelming. The economy is in a stale state, and since the 1970s, the percentage of single mothers has increased dramatically (Freedman 246). Children are being isolated more often than not, which can also result in the disregard for community and civic engagement.Mentoring programs are unreliable, and many adolescents and young adults are left in the dark without an adult role model: â€Å"In his essay â€Å"Building Community, John Gardner [Miriam and Peter Haas Centennial Professor at Stanford Business School] offers both consolation and wisdom about the historical process of community erosion and renewal†¦ â€Å"disintegration of human communities is as old as human history†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"We can’t know all the forms community will take, but we know the values and the kinds of supporting structures we want to preserve. We are a community building species.We might become remarkably ingenious at creating new forms of community for a swiftly changing world. †Ã¢â‚¬  (Freedman 248) Robert Putnam insists on looking to the old, and if he must, he should look at the potential of civic renewal in the volunteering of senior citizens . Over the past thirty years, the population of Americans over the age of 65 has doubled and will continue to increase. Marc Freedman, the author of the article, Towards Civic Renewal, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, expresses his faith in the nation’s retirees to change the deterioration of volunteerism in the U.S. , where children are in need of the most help. If children at an earlier age gained better insight into what it means to have a sense of community and belonging, they would have a better awareness of civic engagement and a broader knowledge base of politics on the state, local, and national level. Senior citizens also have the time, and there is evidence that implies older adults are looking to stay active in their communities; â€Å"As one recent U. S Administration on Aging-sponsored survey reveals, a full 37. percent of older Americans say they would volunteer if asked, while an additional 25. 6 percent already volunteering indicate that they would like to devote more time to service,† and they prefer to work with the younger generation (Freedman 249). Not only will it help the children, but it will also help the senior citizens. 55 percent of seniors feel a sense of uselessness when they retire†¦ a 25-yr National Institute of Mental Health study finds, for example, that â€Å"highly organized activity is the single strongest predictor, other than not smoking, of longevity and vitality† (Freedman 250).The local and federal government is known for lost proposals. Perhaps some of them would have been successfully planned out and put into action if accepted, and Freedman makes the idea of senior involvement seem feasible. Freedman provides the reader with examples of effective programs in community involvement created by the older population; one example is a â€Å"union-sponsored initiative that helps nonviolent juvenile offenders find and keep blue-collar jobs. Freedman goes onto explain to doubtful readers that are thinking, where is this money going to come from? America’s budget is steadily falling into a rabbit hole, and yet the author is confident in the â€Å"†talent, experience and commitment† of older adults,† and their ability to organize well and get tasks completed quickly and effectively (252). Civic engagement and political awareness is declining because of the absence of an inspiring role model in the youth of today, and this program shows romise of creating a healthier sense of community for the older and the younger generations. Reiterating authors’, Homero Gil de Zuniga and SebastianValenzuela’s earlier consensus, the decline in civic engagement is not the consequence of the mass media and modern age of technology. The importance of weak ties through the Internet is actually seen through the web of networking that people from all over the world create, which ignites a stronger relationship in civic participation than networking face-t o-face with weak ties.This finding was reinforced by the study on various media uses in the article; How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22- Year-Olds, where the end result is conclusive with Zuniga and Valenzuela’s evidence. The media can enhance civic engagement and political awareness if used sparingly and in the right context. â€Å"The mind is a double edged sword. It has immense power and it is capable of accomplishing both useful and destructive feats. † (Atharva Veda http://thinkexist. com/quotes/atharva_veda/). It is not the media that is destructive.The minds of the populace are ignoring the real issue at hand. The mind could be used more effectively in developing new ideas to encourage civic engagement and political awareness in the younger population. The media actually promotes civic participation and therefore is directly related to political awareness; overall the media has a positive effect on social capi tal. It is the communities’ job to instill these values on the children so they can grow into informed adults and have their own opinions and ideas, passing those values onto their children and so on.Bibliography Freedom, Mark. â€Å"Towards Civic Renewal. † Journal of Gerontological Social Work 28. 3 (1997): 243-63. EBSCOhost. The Haworth Press, Inc. , 11 Oct. 2008. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. . Pasek, Josh, Kate Kenski, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen H. Jamieson. â€Å"America's Youth andCommunity Engagement: How Use of Mass Media Is Related to Civic Activity andPolitical Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds | DeepDyve. † DeepDyve – Millions ofArticles At Your Fingertips. Sage, 27

Develop Teams Individual

This report will look at identifying and implement learning and development needs for an automotive service workshop. It will look at developing a learning and development plan, elaborating a strategy to encourage staff to self evaluate performance, assessing performance, providing feedback and managing follow up.It will use Richard Parser's Automotive Service Team workshop as a case study to help understand the problems of managing people learning needs and performance implementing. Background Richard Parker has been in business for three years, in Preston, Melbourne. Richard employs eight full-time and two part-time staff. Four of the full-timers work in the workshop and two in in the back office and two in the front office dealing with customers. Richard has noticed that the front office staff and their customer service are not up to the expected level. For example customers don't get the service that they require or the product they order.Richard complains of staff not showing up for work at the right time and so on. Richard has also faced some issues with the local council over solid and liquid waste disposal. The back end office staff often confronts the mechanics when they order spare parts for the services to be carried out. The back office staff always complain of issues with suppliers. Suppliers complain of the ambiguous ordering process of the back staff. Richard finds some irregularity in his teams in terms of application of skills and knowledge. He believes that it is the right time for him to take the right actions to turn the business into the right direction.That's why he decides to identify and implement learning and development needs for is staff. Report AAA . Recommended learning method is a Training Needs Analysis (TAN) Richard could identify his team learning needs using a systematic approach and going through four steps of analysis: 1. Analysis of the competencies that each employee must have to improve the business flow. 2. Analysis of th e organization requirements to focus where is the learning and development need located. 3. Task analysis to establish what individuals and teams must learn in order to satisfy the required learning and development need. . Team analysis to determine which employee needs a learning program. To conduct this analysis Richard will need to: now his company situation, ; identify required competencies of his team, ; involve employees in decision making, survey, discuss and analyses actual data, prepare specific employee development plans, implement the plans. Before to designing the training program, it will be very important that Richard conduct a SOOT analysis, to identify his team Strengths and Weakness points; and his business Opportunities and Threats.To fill the gap between the Job requirements and current abilities of his employees, Richard has to conduct a training needs analysis, making sure that it's targeted to a specific need and satisfies training acquirement. The training nee ds will be the result of collecting information on the skills, knowledge and attitude required to perform a Job task, identifying the training need and performance gap. When designing the learning needs analysis, Richards aim is to: ; assess the current situation. Define the problem (what gaps exist? ). Determine if there is a need for training/learning. Determine what is driving this need for training/learning. ; evaluate existing training. Assess the possible learning solutions. Ascertain information about logistical considerations/constraint. The Training Needs Analysis will provide the following benefits: ; A clear indication of what needs to be included in a training program. ; Assists in developing learning outcomes (by identifying precisely what needs to be learnt). ; Clarifies areas for assessment. O Provides guidance on development, delivery, presentation methods and media to be used. Provides knowledge of the target audience, training gaps and proposed content. ; Will allo w specific evaluation to ascertain its success. AAA. Learning and Development Plan. Name: Paul smith Date: 25. 02. 2014 Job position: Front office, customer service. Learning improvements goals Dealing with customers Communication with the staff Being at work on time Learning outcomes Delivering effective customer service Team working Effective internal communication Respect of workplace rules and workflow Strategies / steps or actions Analysis of training needs: interview to identify performance needs. Identification of appropriate learning methods: consulting of guest speaker. ; Employee self-evaluation of performance: simulated work experience. ;Owner feedback: on-the-Job coaching or mentoring. Follow up: simulated work experience. Behavior/expectations/support ; Elaborate a learning plan targeted, collaboratively developed, agreed to and implemented. ; Owner identifying and approving resources and time lines required for learning activities. ; Employee proclivity to fill in the performance gaps.Owner providing coaching and mentoring assistance. Owner providing encouragement and positive feedback to the employee. Data/ resources Survey to be subordinated during informal interview. ; Guest speaker identifying appropriate learning methods. Timeline ; 1 week for analysis ; 1 week for simulating work experience, feedback and follow up. AAA. Employee self-assessment. SELF ASSESSMENT Employee details Name: PAUL SMITH position: FRONT OFFICE work area: CUSTOMER SERVICE contact no. : 555 555 555 1. Sees your current level of skill/knowledge relating to the skills/knowledge provided: I know how to take orders from clients, how to answer to phone calls, how to record appointments on the agenda. 2. Think about the requirements of your Job in relation to the skill areas and note the major task/knowledge requirements of your position: I need to improve my approach to the Clients, delivering effective customer service. I need to learn how to use suppliers database, to imp rove communication tit back office staff. I need to learn more about mechanical components, to improve communication with staff.I need to respect more workplace rules and workflow. 3. Where you can identify that your skills/knowledge are less than those required for your position, tick the box Training Required: a) Dealing with customers b) Communication with the staff c) Being at work on time 4. Where training is required, decide how soon your training should occur: a) the next 2 weeks b) In the next 2 weeks c) Immediately AAA. Feedback mechanisms. In Richard needs to collect feedback on performance of team members from relevant resources and compare with established team learning needs.Feedback on performance may include: ; Formal/informal performance appraisals. Obtaining feedback from clients. Obtaining feedback from supervisors and colleagues. Personal, reflective behavior strategies. ; Routine organizational methods for monitoring service delivery. Richard may use some formal systems in comparing established team learning needs, such as measurement systems (including planning), individual and team performance and reward systems, resource allocation systems. Richard should use also some informal yester in comparing established team learning needs, including meeting formats and conflict resolution protocols.AS. Development program Goals. Richard has to identify and develop program goals and objectives in order to establish clear training goals, learning objectives, and long-term objectives based on the outcomes that his employees wish to achieve. The goals and objectives indicate what the participants will learn and achieve as a result of their learning. To be effective, training must be specifically structured to meet stated outcomes and must be based on: ; Clear and measurable goals. Clear and learner focused objectives. Long-term objectives, to establish a pattern for future evaluation.Richard should provide to his employees a document that specifies in a structured format how they should perform a Job or work role (competency standard). AAA. Appropriate Learning Methods. Learning delivery methods appropriate to the learning goals may include: ; Conference and seminar attendance ; Formal course participation ; Induction Involvement in professional networks On-the-Job coaching or mentoring Presentations/demonstrations ; Problem-solving Work experience It is important to give the right consideration to participants expect and their earning style.Some learning methods might be not effective because: ; Lack of practical information (too much theory or background and not enough â€Å"how-to† approaches or action steps). ;Material too elementary and/or out of date, no â€Å"state of the art†. ; Not enough group interaction (too much lecturing). O Lecture notes and visuals not sequenced with course coverage. Sometimes boring. Disorganized – skipping from topic to topic with no sense of direction. ; Poor visuals. To p rovide an effective training program, the trainer should: ; Assess in advance the relative importance of each segment of the learning program. Spend more time on the most vital segments. Determine priorities for the elements of the session in advance. An effective trainer should avoid spending too much time on relatively lightweight portions of the learning program and being sidetracked by too many questions. AAA. Workplace opportunities. Informal session for customer service for front office staff. ;Refresh training in the main workshop. Rear house session with supplier sell manager. AAA. Assess and record outcomes of recommended training.Assessment in training is about measuring learners to see if they have reached the stated objectives of the course. To assess and record outcomes and performance of individuals and teams you need to evaluate their knowledge and their skills. 1 . Knowledge: what learners gained as a result of training. These assessments test the recall of facts, co mprehension skills, analysis skills, synthesis skills and evaluation skills. 2. Practical skills: the application of knowledge to a given situation. Knowledge and Practical skills include four main types of assessment: 1 .Real work: Takes place whilst the learner is performing real work, on- the-job. 2. Simulated work: Usually performed off-the-job, possibly in a training room or mock up work site. 3. Written: Used to demonstrate in written form what they know, either on paper or on computer. 4. Oral: When learners speak about what they know. One of the key challenges with assessment is to be able to assess the learning back in the workplace, â€Å"on the Job†, and it is possible to check it through the Performance Review Programs, which include observations on the Job.It is also fundamental to record assessment, keeping â€Å"training records† through a recording system that enables easy identification of what training each staff member has completed and when. Dependi ng on the size of the organization, this could be a simple matrix or it ay be done through the use of software commonly known as a â€Å"Learning Management System† (ALMS). AY. Adjusting the learning program. After monitoring and evaluating if the training course met the aims and objectives for which it was developed, it is important to adjust the learning program, if it is not u to expected dimension.Based on both assessment and evaluation, it might be needed to make or recommend changes for future training to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of learning. Changes can be made on different sides: TIME: Recommending a review of time to address the time to provide a more impressive treatment of the subject or selecting in lecture notes. CONTENT: Reviewing or re-writing the content of a presentation, for example to ensure emphasis on the practical application of the material. DELIVERY: Focusing learning material on fact and accepted knowledge not on opinion or on a partic ular style of management.Proposing to the learners generally and officially accepted management techniques and policies. FORMAT: Including a glossary of terms and an annotated bibliography to the notes. Organizing the content of the learning notes, making frequent use of headings and sub-headings and bullet points. Reviewing formatting and printing to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of learning. Providing copies of the learning material in advance so that those involved with changes can be appraised of the current presentations. AI. Documenting and maintaining records and reports of competency gained.Many methods can be employed to document and maintain records: ; Training evaluation form template Course participants to complete and to hand form to trainer after completion ; Assessment by course Director/Supervisor/Owner Owner/Supervisor to complete either with, or after discussion with the participant. Owner/Supervisor to complete either with, or after discussion with the participant 1 . Have you seen the desired changes to the participant's skills or knowledge? Yes 2. How will you test that the participant has gained from this course? Simulating work experience. . If the participant did not make the gains necessary, what can be done to address this? He can be trained again trough an on-the-Job coaching or mentoring and he could attend a formal course about customer service, internal communication and mechanical components. 4. From discussions with the participant, are you both attested that attendance at the training plan was worthwhile? Yes 5. Other comments? Elaborating a training need analysis was a effective way to improve my staff knowledge and skills and to implement and develop an effective team work.Supervisor: Richard Parker Date: 25. 02. 2014 Conclusion/Summary This report has looked at identifying and implement learning and development needs for an automotive service workshop. Developing a learning and development plan, elaborating a stra tegy to encourage staff to self evaluate performance, assessing performance, providing feedback and managing follow up. The process of monitoring, evaluating, implementing and developing people performance is essential to the success of any business.

Alive, Miss Emily in A Rose for Emily by

Emily refused her father's burial. She told her her father was not dead, she finally collapsed and went for three days until proper burial (114, 1070). This indicates that it is difficult to say goodbye to the people Emily's mind. She is so close to her father that she can no longer own him. In addition to Homer, he is the only man she is. The town also began to appeal to the smell of women. Emily Greerson is known for the entire story as Miss Emily, and is the protagonist of William Faulkner's Roses for Emily. At some point in the Civil War, Emily was born in a proud noble family of nobles. Emily lived in a house that was once well decorated with his father and servant. The Gliathon family believes it is superior to the rest of the city. According to Miss Emily 's father, a boy is not suitable for Miss Emily. Because of Miss Emily 's father' s attitude, Miss Emily could not establish a real relationship with others, but her world seemed to be turning around her father. Emily's Rose: A factor that influenced Miss Emily's behavior, Rose for Emily is a fictitious short story written by William Faulkner, 1949 Nobel laureate. Faulkner's Rose for Emily is conveying a noble lady who lives a very secret and unusual life. Miss  · Emily has always been hidden by his father. He is the only man in her life and her behavior is unnatural after death. But her father's death is not considered the only reason for Emily's crazy madness. William Faulkner's Rose for Emily rose symbolizes William Faulkner's Rose for Emily. Miss  · Emily Grissen is a lonely old woman living a life full of love and affection, roses appear directly in the title, but the whole rose serves as a symbol. In modern times, roses symbolize emotions such as love and friendship. Romance symbolizes the dream of love and a lover. These dreams belong to women, I like Emily Grierson and have not experienced real love.

Technology in our everyday life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology in our everyday life - Essay Example If someone from the last century, or even the fifties, were to be picked up and dropped smack in the middle of any modern city today, they would surely feel what a science fiction film viewer would, albeit a higher degree of shock. I think life today has become a hodge-podge of gadgetry and mad science. We use something fantastically gimmicky for nearly everything we do: we swipe our fingers over sleek slabs of glass and aluminum to communicate with each other; we laugh or smile or cry while we stare at luminous surfaces of yet more slates of cool metal; and, we gain access into buildings by speaking magic words into the air. This is exactly what it would seem like to someone who had never come across a touch-screen phone, a personal computing tablet or modern-day voice recognition technology. It is often seen that one type of technology, out of a freak chance, may behave erratically in the presence of other appliances. I would quote the example of mobile phone interference. Mobile c ommunication technology, while one of the greatest breakthroughs of science is considered dangerous and hence prohibited for use on aircraft or in gas stations! The mobile signals responsible for carrying voice and data may interfere with an aircraft’s sensitive navigational equipment and can cause a spark enough to ignite gasoline fumes. Furthermore, they must not be brought into close proximity with pacemakers and medical equipment.

THE LOST BEAUTIFULNESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management - Essay Example These factors can be both a threat and opportunity for the company. It is a threat because they are beyond control of the company, that the acronym PEST becomes an appropriate term. It becomes an opportunity when the company takes advantage of the environment and it becomes a rearranged word as STEP towards strategies in entering the market. Any company wishing to enter new market should study the macro-environment factors surrounding the country. First consideration is the political analysis that consists of: political stability, legal framework for contract enforcement, trade regulations and tariffs, favored trading partners, anti-trust laws, pricing regulations, taxations – tax rates and incentives, wage legislations, mandatory employee benefits, industry safety regulations and product labeling requirements. The political analysis done for Sainsbury showed following results: Trade restrictions. It will not be difficult for Sainsbury to establish commercial business relation s with Qatar because of its existing friendly relationship with U.K. It has an existing Free Trade Agreement that provides benefits to both contracting parties (Pratap, 2011). One of the Qatar’s policies that makes setting up of large industries possible here are the regional integration, trade liberalization and expansion of market volume, thus encouraging mass production and economies of scale. Tax policy. Benefits owing to tax incentives include the following: No income tax or social security deductions payable on wages and salaries. No taxation is payable on exports and customs duties start at 5% Foreign investors are permitted full repatriation of capital and profits overseas in foreign currency. Corporate tax on foreign companies is 10% Source: KMD Consulting Legal. According to SMD (2008), the Foreign Investment Law No. 13 of 2000 offers foreign ownership up to 100% foreign ownership in sectors of agriculture, manufacturing, health, education and tourism. In Feb. 1, 20 10, this law has been amended and now includes 100 percent ownership in businesses such as consultancy services, information technology (IT), services related to sports, culture and entertainment as well as distribution services. Minimum capitalization required for a Qatar company is 200,000 QR and contracts entered into by Sainsbury in Qatar are covered by the Qatari Civil Code. Sainsbury can be exempted from the Qatari Law that stipulates a total local equity of 51% in any commercial company because it falls into the category of distribution service engaged in the retail distribution network and this exemption is available upon request (SMD, 2008) Legal. Environment regulations. The current environmental issue that would most likely affect Sainsbury’s entrance to Qatar is its limited natural fresh water resources and its increasing dependence on large-scale desalination process. Political stability. The peace and quiet of a country is vital in determining investment. Qatar, according to Business Monitor International will most likely to remain politically stable as analysts see no threat to al-Thani’s family rule (Business Monitor, 2009) Next, we go to the economic factor. Included in this analysis are: the type of economic system in countries of operation, government intervention in the free market, comparative advantage of host country, infrastructure

How to use a Gold in Wind Turbines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How to use a Gold in Wind Turbines - Case Study Example One of the ways of embracing the sustainable activities is through employing wind power in the production of electric energy instead of using fossil fuels to produce electricity (Jamieson 2012). The gadget that converts wind energy to electric energy is wind turbine. The use of wind turbine to produce electricity has been in existence for some time now. However, it was not until people realized that other sources of energy such as fossil fuel and nuclear energy among others degrade environment that wind turbine was widely used to produce electricity (Mathew & Philip 2011). Basically, wind turbine produces electric energy by conversion of the wind’s kinetic energy to electric energy. Wind turbine is made up of a number components which are made from various materials. These components include: turbine, hub, tower, generator, nacelle, gear box, yaw and control system among others (Ancona & McVeigh 2001). Just as mentioned earlier, the components are made from various materials d epending on the environment of operation of the components, and the use into which these components are put in the wind turbine. The materials from which these components are made include: gold, plastics, iron, copper, steel and rubber among others (Blaabjerg & Chen 2006). This paper, therefore, aims at identifying as well as discussing the various ways in which gold is currently used in wind turbine components. The paper will also identify the new ways in which gold can be used in wind turbines. The paper also discusses the various components of wind turbine. The main components of wind turbines Just as earlier mentioned, the main components of wind turbine are: turbine, rotor, tower, generator, nacelle, gear box, yaw and control system among others. These components play various specific roles in order to ensure that wind turbine functions perfectly. The descriptions as well as functions of these wind turbine components have been discussed in the preceding sections of the paper. R otor Rotor is amongst the most important components of wind turbine, and it includes: turbine spinner, turbine hub and blades (normally three in number). The blades of wind turbines also considered amongst the important parts of a wind turbine, and are normally fabricated from the following materials: balsa wood, fiber glass, composites, and carbon fiber among other components (Burton, Jenkins, & Sharpe 2011). The strength-to-weight ratio of these components is normally high, and that’s why they are used in the manufacture of these components. Typically the dimensions of these blades range between 34 meters to 55 meters (Jamieson 2012). When the blades are manufactured, the raw materials are moulded into shapes that resemble airfoils in order to generate lift effect which in turn makes the rotor to rotate. In order to avoid blades from being stricken by lightning, they are sufficiently earthed in addition to being made of materials that can protect them being stricken by ligh tning (Manwell, McGowan, & Rogers 2010). The blades are usually bolted on the hub in such way that the hub is able to rotate, and take advantage of the wind’s varying speeds. The hub of wind turbine is normally made from cast iron that is ductile in nature, and usually considered as one of components of wind turbine with the greatest weight (Mathew & Philip 2011). This component of the wind turbine is usually rigid, and is designed in such a way that it is able to absorb vibrational forces. The hub is further covered by a component known as

Production & Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Production & Operations Management - Essay Example Causes of Quality Problem on Greasex Line There are a lot of internal factors that contributes to the quality problems on Greasex line. This includes: (a) inefficient personnel – the operator that fills the equipment lacks working experience in running the machinery equipment, presence of the operator within the site, and lack of real-time report; (b) the automated filling equipment is not exclusively designed for Greasex line purposes and has no regular schedule for maintenance; (c) purchaser(s) do not have knowledge on the quality of spare parts needed for the equipment; and (d) lack of testing on the effects of contoured can on the speed of filling or filling hydrodynamics from a high-pressured filling head. Steps Hank should follow for Continuous Improvement Hank should implement a regular real-time reporting from operator(s) of Greasex line to ensure that necessary actions will be provided to cut down on ‘down-time’ errors and regular maintenance for machine. Ensure that effective training on handling the machinery should be provided by the company. Encourage purchaser to deal with operators carefully regarding the specs of materials needed. Take time to do laboratory tests on impact of contoured cans on speed of filling machine, etc). Compute for opportunity loss of using incompatible automated filling equipment for Greasex line.

The Overall Strategic Plan for Blackberry Research Paper

The Overall Strategic Plan for Blackberry - Research Paper Example According to Rhandawa et al (2009), Blackberry was founded in 1984 and it is headquartered in Waterloo, Canada. Blackberry’s strategic plan is to target professionals through the provision of a range of activities such as push email, mobile telephony, text messaging, internet faxing, web browsing and additional wireless information services (Moro, 2007). Jim Balsillie, co-founder of RIM, sums up the strategic plan for RIM â€Å"easy in, impossible out† which implies that it is very easy for corporations to install their email system, but because the way the proprietary RIM software and servers work, it’s almost impossible to extract (Harnish, N.D). Thus, the strategic plan is based on the notion that the products are strategically designed to appeal to the interests of the targeted customers and it is almost impossible for rival competitors to imitate the same strategy. It can be seen that RIM is at the forefront of designing, manufacturing, and marketing innovat ive mobile communication devices. This strategy makes it clearly different from other rival competitors in the market for Smartphones and is mainly based on productivity and utility in terms of the services offered. However, the industry itself is highly competitive where there are companies like Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson as well as Apple competing for the same customers in this particular Smartphone industry. Research has however shown that if RIM wants to continue its dominance in the market, it needs to market its devices moreover in Asia and Europe (Rhandawa et al, 2009). However, Blackberry of late has come under the spotlight for firing influential people who are seen as suggesting ideas that are within the scope of its strategic plan. For instance, the CEO was fired in 2011 though it was popularly stated that it was a resignation (Yarow, 2011). There have been some reports that anyone who goes against the culture of the organization with regards to its strategic plan is o ften viewed as a villain. The organization does not see itself in a position where it diverts from its outlined strategic plans. Such a stance has drawn criticism from other quarters and this is the reason why there is need to develop a Human Resources strategic plan for Blackberry which is based on its overall strategic plan. Thus the following section of the essay seeks to develop a strategic plan for Blackberry as well as to outline how it will be aligned with the organization’s plans organization’s plans as well as the measures that can be taken to implement the HR strategic plan. Strategic HRM for Blackberry Currently, the HRM strategy for RIM is mainly concerned with the optimum performance of the employees whereby the interests of the employees are not given due consideration (Harnish, N.D). Priority is given to the overall goals stated in the strategic plan of the company and this is the reason why the company has been criticised for bad HRM practices. As such, a strategic human resources management (SHRM) plan ought to be implemented. Basically, SHRM can be defined as the combination of human resources management with the strategic aims and objectives/plans in order to enhance business performance as well as the culture that promotes innovation, flexibility as well as the competitive advantage (Becker & Huselid, 2006).

Food Nation Essay Example for Free

Food Nation Essay Food connotes more than just an intake to be able to sustain life. It is a reflection of a myriad of culture existing in a society. Looking at food, one can see its various fusions of cultural identities prepared to satisfy one’s appetite. Food is a perfect example of a world that enters into the process of globalization where nations embrace the flow of cultural exchange. Countries such as the United States and Italy are known for having diverse demographics. The diversity of its population brought influences into their food as well. However, although both countries may have fused each other’s culture into their food, there are still differences which make them distinct from each other such as how they handle and view food. The United States is one of the largest countries when it comes to its size and population. It has a wide variety of immigrants which flowed starting from the nineteenth century and as its population continues to grow, its culture has been as dynamic as its food (Counihan, 2002, p. 26). Large part of these immigrants later joined the American workforce as every parent became employed. The absence of either the mother or the father at home veered the majority of the population away from home-cooked meals. Eating out became an alternative for families to have their meals together and eating out means buying food from a restaurant (Schlosser, 2001, p. 4). From this concept of eating outside the confines of a home, the fast food world was born. The term â€Å"fast-food† refers to a speedy availability of food, further described as a â€Å"provision of limited, standard menu with quick service† (Royle Towers, 2002, p. 190). Fast food became not just a way to fill skipped meals at home but it turned out to be a lifestyle. The United States initially became known for its fast food because of the rise of popular food chains such as McDonald’s and Burger King. Its convenience of having ready-made food suits the lifestyle of people especially those who go to work early and go home late. Since there are a large number of working people in the United States, they flock to these restaurants to eat. Foods are being prepared in bulks to anticipate the huge numbers of customers. Most ingredients provided are delivered frozen. Cooking methods involved one or a couple of processes to guarantee its speed. Assembling ingredients in a line system like burger patties will be able to cook a dozen of it at the same time (Schlosser, 2001, p. 69). Some of the food ingredients only require adding hot water and it’s ready for preparation. Fast foods are usually packed in paper wraps, foil, and cartons. The materials of these wrappings are disposable which suites the people on-the-go to eat the food wherever they are. Despite the convenience brought about by fast food, healthier ingredients are being given up. As previously mentioned, ingredients are frozen which indicates that these are not fresh and devoid of its natural healthy components with much more added fats. Since Americans are busy with work with no time to prepare food for them, fast food becomes the next available fast option. Italians, on the other hand, became the center of what should be a counterpart of fast food. A country rich in culture, its food gained renowned identity throughout the world. Just like in the United States, Italian food is a lifestyle. It is a lifestyle which extends to close interaction with families and friends in a laid-back environment dining and drinking wine (Parasecoli, 2004, p. xii). The relaxed atmosphere among most Italian household can be seen as a break from the political and social unrest that reign the Italian state during history. Italian food is famous for the cheese, the wine, and the pasta. Made from a wide array of sea foods, vegetables, and meat; Italian food is prepared picking up the fresh ingredients and served as a craft of art. Ricotta, for example, is bought by locals straight from a shepherd on the day it is made (Harrison, 1989, p. 17). Italians regard their food not just as an energy provider but as a â€Å"medicine for the soul, one of life’s abiding pleasures† (Harrison, 1989, p. 17). Most of the Italian foods are cooked in accordance with traditions and the food preparation varies from the different regions of Milan and Florence (Harrison, 1989, p. 143). Taking this traditional view of Italian cuisine, a movement was established to retain not just the traditional cooking of the Italians but also all traditional cuisines of the world. The Slow Food movement is originally established as a counterpart of fast food. The idea of this movement is to make food from â€Å"scratch in your own kitchen† (Kummer, Cushner, Schlosser, 2002, p. 10) rather than the processed artificial food at fast food chains. Just like Italian food, the movement aims to take food as a pleasurable experience offered by life in contrary to fast foods (Pollan, 2008, p. 194). The Slow Movement suggests making food out of ingredients that are ideally grown in the backyard or farms, harvested, and cooked with other natural recipes. The people who eat the foods are not only consumers but co-producers as well. Just like the Italian food, this movement also promotes the pleasure of food eaten and shared communally (Pollan, 2006, p. 259). Though this movement proved to be promising, some may say that in contrast with fast-food, the Slow Food Movement is more expensive to obtain and to do. Since fast-food is more accessible and cheaper, the movement has been tagged as elitist and cannot be afforded by ordinary people (Kummer, et al. , p. 10). By its term of â€Å"slow-food,† this may not suit the lifestyle of most people coming from the working class due to the lack of time for food preparation. United States and Italy vary from the way they live their life with food. Though nowadays, some of their own cuisines have been inspired from one another. Their views of food have a huge gap as the two nations came from different backgrounds and developed cultures that set them apart from each other. Their cuisine style and food preparation became significant in the world today and though different in principles, people enjoy it nonetheless. References Counihan, C. (2002). Food in the USA: A Reader. New York: Routledge. Harrison, B. G. (1989). Italian Days.New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. Kummer, C. , Cusner, S. , Schlosser, E. (2002). The Pleasures of Slow Food: Celebrating Authentic Traditions, Flavors, and Recipes. USA: Chronicles Books. Parasecoli, F. (2004). Food Culture in Italy. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Pollan, M. (2008). In Defense of Food: An Eater’s Manifesto. New York: The Penguin Press. Royle, T. Towers, B. (2002). Labour Relations in the Global Fast-Food Industry. New York: Routledge. Schlosser, E. (2001). Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York: Houghton Mifflin Books.

Effects Of Censorship Of Nudity Film Studies Essay

Effects Of Censorship Of Nudity Film Studies Essay An Idealistic view of film is nature without check with original energy (Walt Whitman, 1860); it is a free wheeling machine expressing thoughts, ideas and personal identity. A form of art that can be easily viewed and be approachable to the masses. It can also be viewed as a way to waken souls and bring others to a reality that could be theirs. Yet if we look at history we see that this form of art has been cornered into a pen, bitten on its heels by rules and regulations and commented on by boards of censors. Throughout this essay I intend to see the affects of censorship upon nudity through the pre-code era, Hays office and ending over the pond in England with a film that caused controversy for the images not shown and the perspective of the camera, Peeping tom (1959). Film has always been seen as a way of communication between people and as a way of expressing an issue to crowds without too much difficulty. This has obviously caused issues in the past as to the impact film has upon people and to those who are more vulnerable to exposed ideals or ways of life. Censorship covers many different aspects of film, from what is seen to the underlying subtext. Brought in to monitor the film industry in 1934 the Hays office was set on creating the Golden Age of film. This golden Age was set around ideas of a moral code, set on re-conditioning society from the flappers and Jazz, which during the Pre-code years was censored by the MPPDA (Motion Picture producers and Distributors of America), although their censorship was considered lax. It was a strict code that every picture was expected to regulate itself to. Although The Hays office is the most known regulating office, unions were created by the people such as the WCTU (Womens Christian Temperance union) and the DPPLA (Department for the promotion of purity in literature) to regulate what they saw. It is alongside these regulations that a coding system for age was created to allow a larger range of versatility in work although this was brought in 1968. As a society we have always singled out people, whether due to their race, sexual orientation or political views. This is no different in film. Within the golden age, Mae West (1893-1980) was seen as a victim of censorship. Her sexual past made her a target and a risk to the Hays Office; making her golden age turbulent. (Mae West, 1893-1980) A free wheeling sexual libertine victimized by a punitive censorship body staffed by a group of Victorian prudes (Mae West, 1893 1980) Wests history on Broadway caused her issues. She was known for Broadway Acts such as; Sex a tale of a prostitute (1927) and The Drag (1927). Due to both of these plays she was sent to jail on the grounds of obscenity. She was also later arrested under the same charges for the production of Diamond Lil. Yet images on stage were uncensored which gave West a chance Whereas in the film industry they were monitored with a close eye. The new problem they encountered with West was the way she still managed to make anything sexy. Clothe her up or down it didnt, make a difference. Due to this they started to try and distil her sexual presence through the disguise of stupidity or comedy, disallowing the viewer from becoming succumbing to her charms. This method was often used through out the Golden Age allowing producers to keep such actresses as West and Monroe in the later years without having the original reel cut too heavily. Thus Hollywood started to make the documentary of the world unrealistic. Film wasnt about the artistry of film making, but rather the way in which a head office could manipulate those watching to become and believe what they saw. Sexual liaisons were made undefined and ambiguous. Politics were close to unmentionable and god forgive you if you wanted to portray a relationship with someone from another race. King Kong (1933) and Tarzan and His Mate (1934) both bring up issues of racism and nudity within film. In king Kong we encounter tribal people. These tribes are witnessed to be wearing very little other than flowers around their necks and straw skirts. Although this sounds very Hawaiian it is a much more substandard way of dressing. The men are depicted with nothing upon their chests and the woman with bare legs, arms, shoulders etc. This in comparison to Ann who is fully clothed with the hint of an ankle and show of an arm is quite obvious. The idea being, that a woman depending on her race could be allowed to have more skin showing than another. This was obvious in the golden era where films disguised as documentaries, such as The love life of a Gorilla and Legong; Dance of the Virgins (1935) in order to be able to show images of nudity. Although this images were more shocking to the public for their obvious nakedness and did cause some uproar from the Hays office little was actually done to the editing to stop such ceremony of skin. Tarzan and his Mate (1934) escaped the Hays Office just in time, as it was brought round into the industry the following year. Unlike King Kong it wasnt nudity in the aboriginal race but rather that of the character brought into the wild environment. This was the step forward the industry had been trying to make. Allowing White woman the same expression through nudity as others. Occasionally a naked woman might be spied in part or whole. Inspired by expeditionary films that exposed native girls in a state nature, the studios sought to extend the custom to white women in exotic environments (Thomas Doherty 1999) This is exactly what Tarzan accomplished. It had brought the naked white female form to the viewing audiences. Although a body double was used for the nude underwater scene, the scene was real and it was there. Nudity was coming onto the screen, or thats what they thought. Within a few months of the picture being released it was brought back to be censored by the newly brought in hays office. The underwater scene and other certain shots were taken away and only brought back years later for the public view. (Tarzan and His Mate, 1934) Although the progression of nudity was relevant in the pre-code era such laws were brought in after, to stop these kind of steps forward from happening. The Idea of being naked and out of the house but in a natural environment is a step away from reality and probably a reason why such a transgression could have be made before the Hays Office and then evolved from then onwards in baby steps. Duel in The sun (1946) poses us with the question of the morality of the main girl, pearl. From the beginning we see that her mother is a dancer who also gives in to other mens needs other than her husbands. We see from the beginning that Pearl is dancing outside the club, mimicking her mother, it is even expressed by a man passing that she is becoming like her mother and smiles in approval. We are led to believe that Pearl is a mixture of pure and evil as her parents are mixed. From this we gather a sense of a double identity that both excites others and causes them to also be protective these responses are split between the two brothers both possessing one. Duel in The Sun (1946) Within the film we are presented with a temptation of a nude figure in an interrupted swim scene, where pearl is being watched by one of the brothers. She hides in the reeds and asks him to go away, but to no avail, we do not see the ending but they end up coming home together. This is likely to be regulated by the Hays office, as making sexual liaisons and situations ambiguous was one of their ways at keeping some more fruity pieces of work within films. Within this seen we are not able to imagine what they do when we leave but what is under the water, as before she is interrupted we get a glimpse of a figure with bare arms and legs. This natural display of the body is compared nicely to its surroundings creating an enticing view for the spectators as it has a youthful naive feel to it. Duel in The Sun (1946) Within this scene we are presented with a pearl covered in little other than a woven blanket. Although she exposes legs and is obviously naked underneath the overall out come is that of a scared and intimidated woman. It is also meant to be a comedy shot in which she is being taught about the sins of the flesh and not giving into temptation; a comical contrast to the way in which she is presented. This is the most likely reason for her being presented in such a way upon the screen. Although at a stretch it can be said that such unveiling of a Woman on screen could be down to her mixed race it was also a progression forward as it was seen in Hollywood that a different skin would entice less of a moral outburst in comparison to whether the Woman was Caucasian. Although this could be seen as a stretch the idea of confronting racism was still a way off with American society and racism was a part of everyday life. It was in fact noted that Hollywood in the pre-code era was trying to bring nudity to the Caucasian form. Some like it hot, starring Marilyn Monroe was as much a comedy as a sexual spectacle. Her Costume was tight and flaunted her curvaceous figure with such precision that she was just contained within it. This is a leap forward in the contrast to duel in the sun as Pearl is dressed, although appealingly, in flowing garments that give a hint to curvature and progress in flaunting her asserts throughout the film getting more and more tight around her upper body. (Some like it hot 1959) As we can see above Monroe has been dressed in a very flaunting dress. Although covered over the breast the material is a lightweight and partially transparent mesh. Giving more whilst covering the important areas. We are also privileged to see from her knee downwards. Overall a lot of skin is revealed in contrast to Duel in The Sun, where pearl in everyday attire is covered. We also have to take in to consideration the job of Monroes for the role, which is that of a lead singer for a girls band group. In this group she is notorious for getting into trouble and falling for wayward men. This is easy to see in the way in which she dresses provocatively. (Some like it hot 1959) Her role is likely to be a driving factor in how she has been allowed to dress in this this film. It can also be seen that it has passed the Hays Office due to the comical side of the film, erasing all sexual presence as each sexual moment is in fact comically dressed, even Monroe has been created as a figure to make fun of. Her character is dreamy and not all there, she drinks consistently throughout the film giving her the look of a lost cause hanging on waiting for her fairy tale dream to come true. In fact the dream also registers some homosexuality at the end where as they run off one of the cross dressing men reveals to the old man hes led on (as a scape goat) that he is in fact a man. The man Winks and carries on driving the boat. This in itself would of caused some form of an uproar though the way this has been juxtaposed at the end and the comical twist allows it to be taken lightly and it becomes non-threating to the audience. Peeping Tom(1959) when first shown caused outrage. It wasnt necessarily because you saw anything particularly gruesome; in fact you saw nothing of the sort. It was the way in which you became to murderer, through his line of sight. You saw what he wanted you to see. The idea of being so close to the mentality of a man who isnt mentally stable as he tries to capture what he calls the soul of a person through the use of filming them and seeing their fear. The film shows the uncomfortable reality of the addictiveness of catching a moment, questioning what is right to capture on film and what is not. The film not only creates a voyeuristic atmosphere but documents his movements his life and his strange behaviourisms. It is this closeness to the character, his thoughts laid out bare on film, that creates and uncomfortable viewing sensation to the viewer. Nudity in the film is shown little, other then near the beginning when he goes to his second job as a pornography photographer. Here the girls are dressed in flimsy underwear and are shot in poses although not vulgarly. There is a quick shot in a restored version of the film allowing for a quick flash of one of the girls breasts, rumoured to be the first nude female scene in British feature film. The society that first watched a viewing of this film was outraged and the film was banned. Yet it is the interest in the voyeurism of the piece that made the nudity (and other parts of the film) unacceptable. The feel of the sexual tension and the ability to feel like you were there was to high a risk for the censorship boards. Nudity in comedy or a way in which a character could be disconnected from the viewers could be worked upon but this came to close to reality and endangered the audience. It was only in 1968 that the MPPA also known as the Hays Office was by a movie classification. This system allowed Hollywood more range within their films as they could regulate who would be allowed to view the reels. The rating system went as: G, PG, Pg-13, R or NC-17. It would also cause less distress with parents, as they would know that their children would be unable to see films inappropriate for their age. The reception of nudity in Hollywood has taken years to understand. To understand that its not something to be afraid of but to embrace and monitor as if you would a child. The naked body is a piece of art and should be accepted as such, yet with nudity in a motion picture the sexuality of the body is noticed. Yet other films industries, for example those in main land Europe have always managed to keep nudity harmless and natural Maybe it is the fantasy that is Hollywood that makes nudity so much more than what it is. It is the presentation of nudity that needs to be addressed not the harsh censorship of it.

White collar and corporate crime Essay -- essays research papers

Why does white collar and corporate crime tend to go undetected, Or if detected not prosecuted White collar and corporate crimes are crimes that many people do not associate with criminal activity. Yet the cost to the country due to corporate and white collar crime far exceeds that of â€Å"street† crime and benefit fraud. White collar and corporate crimes refer to crimes that take place within a business or institution and include everything from Tax fraud to health and safety breaches. Corporate crime is extremely difficult to detect for many reasons. One major reason is that many people do not realise a crime is being committed as corporate crime is often seen as a victimless crime. At face value this may seem to be the case but if you look deeper you will see that this is not true. Every year the FBI estimates that 19,000 Americans are murdered every year compared with the 56,000 Americans who die every year from occupational disease such as black lung and asbestosis (Russell Mokhiber 2000). Deaths Caused by corporate crime are also very indirect so it can be very difficult to trace the problem to the corporation. Another reason it can be difficult to detect corporate crime is that directors within a corporation are unlikely to report the criminal activity of their colleges for the fear that it will hinder their own career success and could even lead to them losing their jobs. Within a company illegal practices could be seen by many as the â€Å"in thing† and the people work...

How Electronic Commerce Is Affecting American Industry Essay example --

ELECTRONIC-Commerce How It Is Affecting American Industry The Internet over the past few years has seen a huge increase in online businesses and consumers. Electronic-commerce is expected to generate $36 billion in revenue during 1999, up 140% from last year alone.[1] With such a huge amount of money to be made on the Internet it is becoming very appealing for small businesses and start-up companies to try and make their niche in e-commerce. The Internet is drastically affecting the way companies and people conduct business now. E-commerce encourages growth in existing as well as new businesses because of lower overhead costs, the huge consumer base and the freedom of information flow. However the online revolution has created a large amount of competition for consumers between businesses despite the fact that the public does not yet have total confidence in the e-commerce market. The Internet is a free and seemingly boundless medium that is distributed to over 200 million people worldwide.[2] This creates a large market for companies that are competing on the Internet, which acts as a level playing field. Small companies can compete with larger vendors by getting their product and prices seen by anyone interested online while not being limited by their locale or to just their local area consumers. Another reason why e-commerce is so attractive are the low star-up costs required to start a company. A basic site can be created with as little as a couple hundred dollars, a computer and a little imagination. A business can then be run from a home or network instead of a large expensive building where many employees and machines are needed. Because of this online businesses can sell their products for much less by passing their ... ... Internet shopping is expected to increase by at least 50% into the millennium, which leaves much room for growth and new opportunities for new and adventurous companies.[4] E-commerce has opened up a new market in American industry that is forcing companies to become part of the online revolution or suffer the consequences in the long run. The freedom of the Internet combined with the huge amounts of information make for a more easily accessible environment that will revolutionize the way all business is conducted in the future. Notes 1. Shop.org. 30 October 1999. http://www.shop.org/nr/99/071999.html 2. NUA - Internet Surveys. 03 November 1999. http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/index.html 3. C-Net. 1997. 30 October 1999. http://sellitontheweb.com/ezine/news0296.shtml 4. C-Net. 31 October 30, 1999. http://sellitontheweb.com/ezine/news0310.shtml

Limbo, Nothings Changed, and Blessing Essay -- Poetry Tatamkhulu Afrik

Limbo, Nothings Changed, and Blessing â€Å"Write about the various ways in which the poets present their ideas and give the reader an insight into different cultures.† The three poems that will be studied are: Limbo by Edward Kamau Braithwaite Nothings changed by Tatamkhulu Afrika Blessing by Imtiaz Dharker The cultural location and inspiration (for the writers) of these poems is of great curiosity (to many readers) and also of high deviation, thus the way in which we are given an insight into the different cultures will be considered very carefully. Limbo Edward Kamau Braithwaite, the writer of Limbo is creating tension and anxiety, while at the same time expressing his view of slavery in the poem, he is trying to create the effect of a ship filled with evil and is trying to make the reader see that slavery is far from good but actually very, very cruel, he tells the story of afro Caribbean slavery in a rhyming & rhythmic dance. He has made it a very motivating and complex poem. I feel that there are two meanings or storylines to the poem the first and main narrative being a play being acted out on the ship showing the cruel and evil history of Afro Caribbean slavery, and the second being a more upbeat and blissful side to the poem which is portraying the actions of the limbo dance. The first three quarters of the poem deal with slavery and the limbo dance combined together while the last quarter of the poem is like the sun breaking and light coming out, it only deals with the happiness that there is around the limbo dance in much more detail and describes how their is light at the end of the tunnel for the slaves. The poem has a very strong beat, signifying the dance that is being po... ...heme that has been incorporated into the poem. Rhythm has not been used in the poem, it is very brief, and gives the effect of ordinary speech. We have a clear sense of Imtiaz Dharker’s culture; water is valued very highly, (as people’s lives depend on this supply). Personally I feel that In Britain we constantly take water for granted and should not and that the poet maybe trying to convey to us a very important message. The poem ends with a picture of the littlie children naked and screaming. The sense of their beauty is overshadowed by the idea of how weak, fragile and helpless they are. Overall I feel this poem is the best poem (of the three) to give the reader an insight into different cultures in a brief and logical way, however I feel that Tatamkhulu Afrika Who wrote â€Å"Nothings Changed† present his ideas in the most vivid and original way.

International versus U.S. Standards Essay

In 2007, the SEC modified its position on the Form 20-F requirement when it issued; â€Å"Acceptance from Foreign Private Issuers of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards without Reconciliation to GAAP.† This rule amends Form 20-F to accept from foreign private issuers in their filings with the SEC financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board without reconciliation to generally accepted accounting principles as used in the United States. _Required:_ What was the SEC’s rationale for this decision? How did the American Accounting Association respond to the SEC proposal? CASE 3-8 IASB VS. FASB CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS Discuss the similarities and differences between the FASB and IASB conceptual frameworks with respect to the definitions of the elements of financial statements. CASE 3-9 IASC HOME PAGE Log onto the World Wide Web and enter the International Accounting Standards Board’s home page. _Required:_ a. What general categories of information are contained on the IASB’s home page? b. What current issues is the IASB reviewing? FINANCIAL ANALYSIS CASE GAAP vs. International Accounting Standards _Required:_ Find a foreign company that is selling securities in the U.S. securities markets and comment on the change in net income that was caused by changing from the company’s domestic accounting standards to U.S. GAAP.

Addicted to Food? Essay

Obesity and overeating are growing problems in America today. In this article by Oliver Grimm, he cited studies that speculate that in 2000 112,000 deaths were caused by obesity. There is also evidence that up to 1/3 of the US population may be considered overweight or obese. These numbers are startling and the root of this problem is under intense debate and scientific inquiry.   This search by scientist has led to many discoveries and theories behind why some people are unable to control their eating habits or their weight. One question that this article attempts to address is â€Å"Is overeating and addiction to food similar to drug addiction and what role does body chemistry play?†. Hormones are the regulators of the human body. There is much current research being aimed at these chemicals within the body and especially how they affect brain chemistry and maybe even addictive behaviors. Dopamine is one hormone that has been examined in both drug addicts and obese individual. Dopamine produces a reward sensation in the brain when we get something we want or when we are surprised. There is some research that says that drug addicts and obese individuals tend to have fewer dopamine receptors in the brain. This may cause them to have the urge to continue consuming food or drugs beyond a normal need. With fewer receptors, the brain may continue to look for ways to sate itself. Research the author cited pointed to rats that were denied dopamine soon would not eat anything. Another chemical that may prove to be important in fighting the obesity epidemic and drug addiction is leptin. This hormone has been shown to curb hunger when it is released from adipose (fat) cells where it eventually reached the hypothalamus. Lab animals deprived of this chemical soon became obese. This hormone may provide a vital link in helping severely obese people control their eating. If individuals have a faulty feedback mechanism or a lack of production of leptin, this may cause them to want to eat more. Other areas to be explored are how certain parts of the brain react to addiction, satiety and pleasure. Areas of the brain that have been researched that Mr. Grimm examines are the amygdala and the orbitofrontalis(OFC).   The amygdale seems to have some involvement in our response to food or drugs when we are hungry for them. It does not seem to be activated as much when we have taken in food or drugs. The OFC is generally thought of as an area of the brain that helps us to maintain rational behavior and use good judgment. This area may be operating differently in addicts. The author says that diet, exercise and lifestyle are the best ways to live healthy and control weight. His view; however, is that all research cited shows. â€Å"the brain processes stimuli related to eating in much the same way that it does to other addictive stimuli†(Grimm, 2007).   For us to have a better understanding of why certain people find it so hard to control their weight we may have to look more at addictive behaviors and the research that has been conducted. â€Å"For all their differences, drug addiction and obesity seem to be two sides of the same coin.† (Grimm, 2007) 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are you being asked to believe in this article? In Mr. Grimm’s article we asked to believe that 9.1% of medical expenditures if for overweight and obese patients. We are also asked to believe that one-third of the US population may be overweight or obese according to studies. Overweight is defined a having a body mass index greater than 25. Simply put, body mass index is your weight divided by your height. We are asked to believe that obesity and being overweight are at epidemic proportions in this country. We are also being asked to believe that much of a person’s behavior when it comes to addiction and food consumption in obese individuals may be directly related to the person’s brain chemistry or factors affecting it. While the author agrees that there are many factors in a healthy lifestyle and behavior control, much of the article deals with research that says that hormones, brain function and chemical activity are huge contributors in how a person reacts to stimuli. Leptin and dopamine are seen as avenues that may lead to breakthroughs in the area of obesity. Areas of the brain such as the amygdala and the OFC are seen as possible areas that may lead to a better understanding of cravings and addictions. I believe that the main idea that the author is trying to convey is that drug addiction and food consumption are very closely related. We are asked to consider that a person who is obese may be in a similar predicament as a drug addict. The article says that drugs that help drug addicts may also help us to treat severe obesity. Again we are asked to parallel the two dilemmas and weigh their relevance to one another. It is hard for people to associate obesity with drug addiction, but Mr. Grimm would like us think otherwise and keep an open mind to the possibility of research in drug addiction that could lead to breakthroughs in obesity and weight management.

Are Violent Video Games Bad for the Youth

In recent discussions of violent video games, a controversial issue has been whether violent video games are bad for youth or not. On one hand, some argue that video games do not affect the youth at all. On the other hand, however, others argue that violent video games affect the youth tremendously. According to media violence researcher Craig Anderson, Chair of Iowa State University’s Department of Psychology, â€Å"in a violent video game, you rehearse the entire aggression sequence from beginning to end† (Hoerrner & Hoerrner 2). According to [his] view, he is saying that â€Å"you have to be vigilant, looking for enemies, looking for potential threats; you have to decide how to deal with the threat, what weapon to use, and how to use it; and then you take physical action to behave aggressively within the game† (Hoerrner & Hoerrner 4). The issue is whether violent video games are bad for eight, nine, or even ten year olds. My own view is that violent video games are indeed bad for young children. Though I concede that whether a child’s parents choose to allow their children to play these violent games is up to them, I still maintain my view that violent games are bad. A perfect example reassuring a parent that their child is not participating in playing these violent games is to check the ratings on the video games to make sure there is no violence in them. Although it might be objected that parents do not have time to check the ratings on their kid’s games, I reply that it is, once again, an option guaranteeing their children are not being exposed to violence. All in all, the issue is important because these violent video games are affecting children’s behavior, making them more aggressive, as well as more violent. Allowing kids to play violent video games changes the way they act towards their peers by causing them to become more aggressive. They no longer seem to have compassion towards one another, but instead coldness towards each other. This was proven when the American Psychological Association concluded that â€Å"playing a lot of violent video games is related to having more aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Furthermore, playing violent games is also related to children being less willing to be caring and helpful toward their peers† (Junior Scholastic 1). Therefore, when children experience more aggression, they are going to feel that their aggressive manner is fine. This age group is not going to take a second look at their negative actions since they see it as â€Å"just fun and games† (Junior Scholastic 1). In essence, by allowing kids to play what they want and not setting boundaries for the kids, parents are not doing any justice to their offspring; instead, parents are saying that it is alright to treat others in an aggressive manner as long as it is just in fun and games. Another perfect example of how violent video games cause children to become more aggressive towards their peers would be the afterschool program I work for — LA’s Best. There I see how these games affect the kids due to how they act towards each other. They are always play-fighting with each other and having fun in their eyes, that is, until someone comes to me or my other staff members crying. When we ask them why they were play-fighting to begin with, they all have the same similar respond-‘that’s how they fight in Mortal Kombat. ’ Mortal Kombat is a popular series of fighting games that contain high levels of blood and gore. So to see our kids reenact what they see on their video games is upsetting because it shows us, the staff, that our kids version of playing together is hitting and tumbling around with each other until someone gets hurt. The eight to ten year olds no longer see playing together as participating in a friendly game of soccer, but instead, a vicious way to kick those who they despise. Therefore, by allowing our kids to involve themselves in these vicious games, changes their definition of the meaning of ‘fun’. They now see fun as hitting and kicking each other until someone is down in pain since they see this type of act of violence in their video game. Lastly, not only do kids experience aggressive behavior through video games, but also criminal violent behavior. This is due to the high rating of violence in the kid’s games. These games make it seem okay to shoot and kill people because the young children can always restart the game and play again. However, in reality, the only thing that these games do for children is actively train them to kill. Take for instance, Retired Lt. Col. Dave Grossman who â€Å"argues that children learn to use weapons and become sharp shooters through simulated games the same way soldiers use simulations to improve their shooting precision. Just as children can improve their phonics with Learn to Read with Winnie the Pooh, they can learn to shoot with deadly accuracy, playing Doom, Splinter Cell, Hitman, and other first-person shooter games† (Hoerrner & Hoerrner 2). Although many would question what Grossman is saying, it actually was proven to be accurate â€Å"in [the] 1997's high school shootings [in] Paducah, Kentucky, [when] the 14-year-old who opened fire on a before school prayer group landed eight out of eight shots on eight different targets. Five of those were headshots† (Hoerrner & Hoerrner 2). Keep in mind the â€Å"teenage shooter had never held a real gun before his shooting rampage†¦ however, spent long hours playing first-person shooter games that simulated killing with the same weapon he used that morning† (Hoerrner & Hoerrner 2). To sum it up, the violence in video games does lead to violent behavior. Video game interaction leads kids to think that using violence is acceptable, causing them to choose their fist over rationality. In conclusion, violent games do indeed lead to aggressive and violent behavior. Not only do these games cause children to be aggressive towards one another, but they also lead to the physical pain of others due to the high content of violence. This is due to children having the entire aggression sequence from beginning to end imprinted in their mind. This therefore, leads them having to seek potential threats while having to figure out which physical action will have the best outcome. This is why every parent should watch the levels of violence in video games as well as set boundaries to what their children can and cannot play.

Psychological Abnormality Essay

There are many ways of defining psychological abnormality; the two I will be discussing is deviation from social norms and failure to function adequately. Deviation form social norms is a person’s thinking or behavior being classified as abnormal if it violates the rules or norms about what is expected or acceptable behavior in a particular social group. An example of this can be anorexia, more common in females where the person sees themselves as overweight even when extremely thin and person is terrified of weight gain. The media create unrealistic, and for most people ‘ideal’ images, especially of women. Most models are well below normal weight for their age and height Sufferers desperately want to be accepted and valued and tend to feel that they are not. However self-starvation is seen as abnormal in terms of social norms. Strength of deviation from social norms is that this definition takes into consideration the effect that behavior has on others in which deviance is defined in terms of breaking social rules which are usually made in order to help people live together. There are many limitations with the definition of deviation from social norms, beliefs about abnormality and social norms or morally acceptplable behavior changes over time for example homosexuality was included in the American classification system for disorders up to the 1960s. Since then attitudes have changed and homosexuality it no longer seen as a disorder. Another limitation is that context is import as we distinguish between normal and abnormal according to social norms of the time. Much of our behavior is context specific and take out of context may seem bizarre for example if you saw a person suddenly jump up from a park bench and start talking to themselves you might think of them as being very strange on the other hand if you saw a camera crew you would have thought of it being bizarre. Also culture relativity can be a limitation as different cultures have different ideas about acceptable behavior fro example some African societies cut themselves as a sign of inner beauty but in Western societies we se it as self harm. Another definition of abnormality is failure to function adequately this is when abnormal behavior interferes with daily life/functioning i. e. people are unable to live a normal life. An example of this can be when people cannot work and lose the motivation to care for themselves properly and agoraphobia or fear of crowds which is defined as an abnormal behavior where a person may have a fear of open space and can’t go shopping, school and do other everyday things because they have a fear of crowds. Strength of this definition is that it is easy to judge who is failing to function adequately because it is easy to . ist behaviors that show people are not functioning properly in their everyday lives e. g. unable to dress themselves, can’t get up in the morning etc. Limitations of this definition can be the context as starving yourself is irrational, unpredictable and maladaptive. However it is understandable when political prisoners go on hunger strike as a political pro test, so context is important. Also some people may not have psychological disorder but still have failure to function adequately e. g. dues to economic conditions it may not be possible to hold down a job and support family. Another limitation is that some people are able to maintain an adequate or high level of functioning even if they have a psychological disorder for example some people with anxiety or depression can still function. Similarity between both definitions is that they both have a limitation of culture relativity as different societies have different rules and norms of what’s normal and abnormal. A problem with both definitions is that context is important as we distinguish what is normal and abnormal behavior according to what is expected in a given situation according to the social norms at the time.

The Impact of Unemployment on the Economy Term Paper

The Impact of Unemployment on the Economy - Term Paper Example The success of a business relies on not only the own particular market and its own decisions but also the macroeconomic environment it operates within. The macroeconomic environment has a direct effect on the profitability and success of a business. This paper aims at dealing with one of the essential aspects of the macroeconomic environment of business, i.e. unemployment. This paper will deal with unemployment in detail and will include aspects like the meaning of unemployment, and the costs of unemployment. Also, a focus will be on the labor markets and unemployment. The study will also touch upon the two main types of unemployment, i.e. Disequilibrium unemployment and Equilibrium unemployment. Here an attempt will be made to explain the two types of unemployment and the various subcategories of these will also be touched upon. However, before moving on, it is essential to understand the meaning of a few terms like labor force, number unemployed, unemployment rate, and unemployment . Claimant Unemployment: This refers to the people who receive unemployment-related benefits (Sloman and Sutcliffe). This mainly measures all those who receive the unemployment-related benefits and claim the benefits to cover their expenses until they have a job. Standardized Unemployment Rate: This is an unemployment rate that is used by the International Labor Organization and the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (Sloman and Sutcliffe). Here unemployed refers to people of the working age and who are without work. b) Costs of unemployment: Unemployment leads to numerous costs and these costs do not only influence the person unemployed but others as well. There are three main costs that are involved with unemployment are as follows: i) The first and most obvious costs involved are that incurred by the unemployed themselves.

Al Hirschfeld's Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Al Hirschfeld's Art - Research Paper Example This made him become one of the most significant figures in contemporary art (Shea 4). Hirschfield was born in Missouri, St. Louis on June 21, 1903. His family moved to Manhattan when he was eleven, where he joined the Art Students League. On the tender age of seventeen, he already worked at Metro Goldwyn Pictures, later becoming the Selznick Studios artistic director. Hirschfield relocated from New York to France - Paris, where he expended much of his twenties studying art. He stood as a young man thriving through the art world in Paris and the theatrical world in New York when he toppled upon his passion (Shea 5). One evening in the year 1926, he went to a theater with his friend Richard Maney, the legendary promotional agent. During the show, Al Hirschfield sketched Sasha Guidry, the French actor on his program. Richard Maney recognized Hirschfield’s talent instantly and invigorated him to reconstruct the sketch on a sheet of paper. Richard sold the finished slice to the He rald Tribune (Niemi 7). Shortly, Hirschfield’s work appeared in the press. Drawn in the dimmed theater, his simple yet unique images caught the responsiveness of much of the publishing world. In 1929, he made a remarkable agreement work in New York Times. While working for the New York Times, the artist style gained unparalleled notoriety fetching synonymous with theatrical reputation. His aptitude to contain the spirit of an actor or a presentation in few lines made his exertion seem both honest and natural. Of his portraiture, Hepburn Katherine warned: â€Å"It tells the entire story - terrifying† (Clare Bell 38). For many, though, Hirschfield’s â€Å"the whole story† was their first exposure to a bigger audience. According to Channing Carol, he was accountable for jump - starting her profession. â€Å"Al Hirschfield picked me out of twenty nonentities in a little review named â€Å"Lend an Ear†, and placed me on the fore page of the New York Ti mes.† She added (Clare Bell 39). Throughout the 1940s, Hirschfield began to diversify as an artist, exemplifying books for authors including Fred Allen, Brooks Atkinson and S. J. Perlman. He continued to work on many artistic mediums including watercolor, etching, sculpture and lithography. By the 1950s, his imagining stood universally recognized as a Broadway fundamental part and the rest of the theatrical world (Clare Bell 11). In the year 1951, he initiated work on a book in which he was both the illustrator and author – â€Å"show business is no business†. He eventually sequentially introduced â€Å"the world of Hirschfield† in 1968 in which, he clarified much of his autobiography and process. More than 10 years later he published his third book in 1979 titled, â€Å"Hirschfield by Hirschfield†. During his long career, Hirschfield’s imagery has remained a keystone of the industry he adores with a passion. In their plain, unobtrusive manne r, they have spoken volumes concerning their subjects and have renowned the modern history of a significant American art. Between this actor and the critic, Hirschfield carved out a room for himself in American and global theatrical culture. Al Hirschfield died at the age of 99, on January 20th, 2003. Though his caricatures often distort and exaggerate the faces of his focuses, he become often labeled as being an essentially "nicer" caricaturist than numerous of his contemporaries and his appeasement

Biotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Biotechnology - Essay Example Chlorophyll absorbs all wavelengths of the visible light except the green light, which is reflected out. The chlorophyll is a complex molecule. Being complex it ahs undergone a lot of modifications and as a result chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophylls and carotenoids are found in the leaf. Carotenoids and chlorophyll b absorbs some of the green wavelength energy. Chlorophyll a receives it energy from the blue-violet and reddish orange wavelength. As the intensity of the light increases, the increase of the photosynthesis is observed. (Giacometti and Giacometti, 2009). The present study was performed to determine the effect of the color on the photosynthesis rate, the rate of photosynthesis, the rate of oxygen uptake was determined for this experiment. Chromatography is the process of separation of the solutes. Paper chromatography is the process of separating the pigments that are present in the chlorophyll into fractions based on their molecular weight. The porosity of the paper helps in the separation using petroleum ether –acetone solvent. The plant emits oxygen when the photosynthesis reactions take place. If the intensity of the light is higher, then the rate of photosynthesis is higher. At the same time if the light is kept closer to the leaf, it should also increases the photosynthesis rate because the intensity is directly proportional to the photosynthesis. The action spectra have color of various wavelengths shorter to longer. If the wavelength is small then the intensity of the light should be higher. This indicates that the color with greater intensity will have greater photosynthetic rate. When the red, green , blue light are used as the light source for the photosynthesis reaction, then the light of shorter w avelength should produce maximum intensity , therefore the photosynthesis will be greater. Of the three colors the blue has the shorter wavelength, so it should produce higher photosynthetic rate. Fresh